Ethereum mainnet suffers from low transaction processing speed and high gas fees. To address these challenges, Layer 2 scaling solutions have been developed. Among these, rollups play a critical role in enhancing scalability. There are two main types of rollups: ZK Rollups and Optimistic Rollups. ZK Rollups utilize zero-knowledge proofs to validate transactions, offering faster finality and enhanced security. Optimistic Rollups, on the other hand, assume transactions are valid and leverage fraud proofs to ensure correctness, providing higher throughput.

While rollups effectively scale Ethereum, they operate as separate ecosystems, making interoperability crucial. To enable seamless token and asset transfers across different rollups or Layer 2 solutions, users rely on cross-chain bridges. These bridges facilitate asset movement between Layer 2 and the Ethereum mainnet or across different Layer 2 solutions, ensuring a more connected and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

This session will focus on the critical security aspects of Layer 2 solutions and cross-chain bridges, exploring potential vulnerabilities and strategies to enhance the safety of Ethereum's expanding ecosystem.